Historical milestone · 1995
Internal model for sensorimotor integration
Reviewed through September 18, 2026
1995 · Historical milestone
Internal model for sensorimotor integration
- Era
- 1990s
- Theme
- Embodied AI & world models
- Evidence form
- Participants moved a hand in darkness under external forces; the temporal propagation of localization errors was compared with optimal state-estimation predictions
- School / paradigm
- Computational motor control
- Institution / context
- MIT
- Researchers
- Daniel Wolpert; Zoubin Ghahramani; Michael Jordan
Understand
Plain-language record, transferred from the reviewed source module.
Theory or experimental setup. Provided experimental support that the nervous system uses an internal forward model to estimate body state.
Result / historical claim. A constrained motor task does not establish a unitary general-purpose world model.
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Professional implication, only where the reviewed record states one.
The checked-in record does not state a separate professional application for this entry. The topic page places it in the wider research lineage: .
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Evidence status, stated limitations, and the external sources this record actually carries.
Evidence form. Participants moved a hand in darkness under external forces; the temporal propagation of localization errors was compared with optimal state-estimation predictions
Limitation / debate. Predictive control, learned dynamics, state estimation, sim-to-real adaptation, and action-conditioned models.
Source status. This milestone row does not carry a primary-source URL in the approved export, and we do not have a verified link for it in our own research. We do not guess one.
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APA-like: This historical record carries a year only, and no author or publisher of record in the checked-in data. An APA reference would have to invent that metadata.
BibTeX: BibTeX requires an author and publication venue. Historical lineage entries store a narrative record and its source link, not structured authorship, so the field would be fabricated.